Orthodontic traction: possible effects on maxillary canines and adjacent teeth

Professionals who resist and restrict the indication of orthodontic traction, especially canine traction, often justify their stance by citing the following reasons: 1) Lateral Root Resorption in lateral incisors and premolars. 2) External Cervical Resorption of canines due to canine traction. 3) Alveolodental ankylosis of the canine(s) involved in the process. 4) Calcific metamorphosis of the pulp and aseptic pulp necrosis.